Violet tungsten oxide is an electrochromic material with excellent electrochromic properties that may be used to prepare a smart window. The research on electrochromic materials began in 1969. In that year, S.K. Deb first discovered the electrochromic properties of amorphous WO3 films and proposed the mechanism of "oxygen vacancy color center".
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In the 1980s, American scientists proposed smart energy-saving windows based on electrochromic films. In 1994, the Germans used electrochromic technology to make the first electrochromic glass outer wall in Europe. In 2007, PPG Aerpospace's electrochromic window materials were used on Boeing 787 aircraft, ranging from dark blue to transparent in five different levels. In recent years, China has also accelerated the research on electrochromic materials, especially tungsten trioxide. That is because the smart glass of nano particle size tungsten oxide has good energy-saving performance with the characteristics of high heat insulation, high transparency, ultraviolet resistance and environmental protection.